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Contemporary wars not only destroy cities and make people homeless; they also change the nature of the environment that supports humanity. In Middle East and Central Asia during the last three decades armed confrontation has again destroyed energy infrastructure, water facilities, forests, and arable land. These are the environmental implications that are not always as visible as bombed structures or moving front lines but might continue long after the ceasefires are announce

- The Quiet Destruction of the Black Sea’s Marine Life by Russia Ukraine War The Black Sea has always been a place of paradox. To the ancient Greeks it was the Pontos Euxeinos which means the “hospitable sea," a legendary highway for the Argonauts chasing the Golden Fleece. Yet beneath its glittering surface lies a prehistoric horror: nearly 90 percent of its volume is anoxic, a vast, oxygen-starved abyss filled with poisonous hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) that has perfectly preser

We live in a world whose underlying assumptions are guided by conflict, leverage, and alliance-making. While the products of liberal and pacifist theories of international relations have done much good in the world, the realist core of how the world works has not been challenged. It really is a dog-eat-dog world, as many might say. The distribution of resources around the world is something that can hardly be described as being equal, and that is simply part of the diversity

History sometimes behaves like a geological force. Wars do not only change borders or governments; they reshape forests, rivers, oceans, and soil. The First World War (1914–1918) and the Second World War (1939–1945) left deep environmental marks across continents. When industrial technology was turned toward war, nature became an unintended battlefield. Landscapes were blasted, forests burned, rivers altered, and ecosystems disrupted in ways that lasted decades. Looking at th

When Refuge Becomes Ecological Pressure

Weather, wildlife, and the mountains of Chitral District Chitral is located in the eastern Hindu Kush, which is highly mountainous. Isolated, has strong climatic gradients, and is highly seasonal. In this case, the weather is not an incidental state of affairs; it is a controlled ecological reality. Unexpected snowfalls, extended winters, unpredictable spring precipitation, and slowly increasing summer temperatures have a direct impact on the life of high-alpine mammals. In t

I used to think weather was something you adjusted plans to. Now it feels like something you adjust your life around.  There was a time when the sky followed a loose agreement with us. Summers were hot but familiar. Rain arrived with a warning. Winters had a beginning and an end. In Bangladesh, weather shaped daily life quietly, deciding when fields were planted, when rivers were crossed, and when people rested. That agreement no longer holds.  Recently, the sky has become un

This is the story of a soldier who never enlisted, a victim who never spoke, and a witness who cannot forget. It is the story of the Earth itself. In the spring of 1914, the forests of the Ardennes and the rolling fields of Flanders were busy with the business of life. Roots whispered to fungi underground; ancient oaks stood as monuments to centuries of slow time. Nature had its own laws, its own  Natural Rights , to sunlight, rain, and the quiet rhythm of decay. Then came th

As the modern theater of global power, the notion of territoriality and conventional weaponry has been eclipsed by the control of intangible particles within the vacuum of outer space. As conventional cryptographic systems face the specter of quantum-computational "shattering," a new model of security has been born from the very essence of light. By exploiting the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Space-Based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) breaks the bounds of conventional ma

When you are gazing up in the night sky, space appears empty. The earth orbit is however becoming congested with what is indeed very unromantic JUNK. Scientists call this junk by the names: space debris, orbital debris, space junk, and occasionally MMOD (Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris). They all lead to the same conclusion made objects in the orbit that no longer work but move at high speed to cause great damage. And now here is the important point which makes this a pract

They begin as leftovers, which is the universe’s favorite way to build masterpieces. Before Earth had oceans or names or anyone to be terrified of the dark, the solar system was a loud, dusty argument. Roughly 4.6 billion years ago, a disk of gas and grit swirled around a newborn Sun. Most of that material learned to settle down and become planets. Some of it refused. Some of it never got the chance. Those holdouts are comets and asteroids, the unspent change in the pocket of

It bothers me, and I have to restrain myself from judgment when I overhear someone saying that a penny found face up or a bird flashing a certain color or singing in a certain key is a departed loved one’s surprise greeting from beyond. Of course, an innocent reminder of a loved one’s absence can be heartwarming, and nobody but a misanthrope wants to stop warming hearts. I’m no misanthrope. But it’s the denial of science and embrace of ignorance that scares me. Pseudo-science

The ethos of spaceflight is defined by meticulous planning. Checklists thick as books. Redundancies layered on redundancies. Simulations that rehearse catastrophes until they feel like routine. If any domain can be conquered by preparedness, it should be this one. And yet the defining moments of space exploration often arrive as deviations from plan small, stubborn, and structurally revealing. Space is “infinite” not only because it stretches outward with no end in sight, but

Weather is the feeling of the atmosphere at a particular moment and place. It is the heat pressing on your skin at noon, the sudden coolness after a storm, the wind that rattles windows at night, or the heavy air that settles over a city before rain. Weather happens now. It changes by the hour and by the day. Climate, by contrast, is the long story told by many years of weather, the pattern that emerges after seasons repeat again and again. People often speak of weather as if

A Planet That Is Forgetting Its Shape At sunrise, Arabia’s dunes breathe—intact, self-regulating, timeless. Yet just beyond, concrete corridors and grids cleave habitats honed over millennia, a pattern mirrored from Amazonian forests to African savannas. Nearly 75% of Earth’s terrestrial surface has been altered by human systems (IPBES, 2018), eroding not only biodiversity but also the ecological “memory” that landscapes need to regenerate. Deserts are pushed into cities, for

Everyone knows that the Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world, often called the “lung of the earth.” But how many of us have heard that the war-torn African continent is also the home of the “second lung of the earth,” known as the Congo Basin? The Congo Basin The Congo Basin is the second-largest rainforest in the world after the Amazon. It spans across six African countries: Cameroon, the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Eq

The Sahara Desert, covering over 9.2 million square kilometers across 11 countries between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea, is the largest hot desert on Earth. While often perceived as a uniform expanse of sand, the Sahara is a region of considerable ecological and geological diversity. Its landscape includes dunes (ergs), solid rock plateaus (hamadas), gravel plains (regs), volcanic massifs, mountain ranges such as the Ahaggar and Tibesti, and some of the driest hyper-ari

When night falls across the world’s deserts, a transformation unfolds. The air, thick with shimmer by day, cools until silence settles on dunes, stony plateaus, salt flats, and rocky escarpments stretching impossibly to the horizon. For the untrained eye, deserts are nature’s blank pages: empty, lifeless, and unyielding. But scientific eyes know better: deserts, in all their forms, are vital theaters of survival, innovation, and history, teeming with secrets waiting to be rev

When we imagine the climate crisis, our minds drift toward the cinematic: the roar of a cyclone flattening a city, the orange glow of a wildfire consuming a forest, or floodwaters sweeping away cars. We have been trained to fear the spectacle. Yet, some of the most profound devastation is unfolding without a sound. It is happening grain by grain, crack by crack, in a process known as "slow violence."  This is the force of weathering—the relentless grind of heat, salt, wind, a

There was a time when my small talks began with:  “The weather is nice today, no?”  I don’t say it so casually anymore. I think I am privileged, so my weather is still “nice.” I can regulate it with fans, heaters, AC, or simply step indoors. But is the weather nice for everyone?  Back in my childhood I remember that Bangladesh’s summers meant load-shedding. Generators were rare, IPS was a luxury, fans stopped mid-rotation like paused moments. Even then somehow, the heat was t